A rabbits bladder wall can become thickened due to irritation or infection, such as from bladder sludge or a UTI. Has your vet ruled those out?
Here are a few references to it:
Bladder stones/sludge-
"The bladder may be small and thickened, or an abdominal mass may be palpable."
" the wall of the bladder was thickened and the mucosal surface was marked with fine paintbrush haemorrhages" http://wildpro.twycrosszoo.org/S/00dis/Miscellaneous/Urolithiasis.htm